ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka paipu kila a me ka paipu hao

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā paipu kila a me nā paipu hao, ʻo ia ka ʻike kalapona.Hoʻokaʻawale pinepine ʻia ka ʻoihana metallurgical i ka ʻoihana ferrous metallurgical a me ka ʻoihana non-ferrous metallurgical.ʻO nā ʻano like ʻole he nui i ka ferrous metallurgy, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hao, ka hao puaʻa, ke kila a me ka ferroalloy.

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea hao a me nā kalapona i loaʻa ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea hoʻohui a me nā haumia i ke kila i:

ʻO ka hao puaʻa - aia ka C he 2.0 a 4.5%

Ke kila – 0.05～2.0% C

ʻO ka hao i hanaʻia - aia ka C ma lalo o 0.05% Steel i hanaʻia mai ka hao puaʻa a he kiʻekiʻe ka ikaika mechanical a me ka paʻakikī, a me nā mea kūikawā e like me ke kū'ē wela, ke kū'ēʻana i kaʻino a me ke kū'ēʻana.Nui loa ka hao ma ke ʻano, ʻo ia ka 5% o ka ʻiʻo o ka crustal element, ka ʻehā o nā mea waiwai o ka honua.He ikaika loa ka hao a hui pū me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka hao a me ke kila:

He mea maʻamau ka ʻōlelo ʻana ʻo ke kila he huaʻōlelo maʻamau no ke kila a me ka hao.Aia ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke kila a me ka hao.ʻO ka mea i kapa ʻia he kila, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hao a me ke kalapona.ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo ke kalapona a me ka hao elemental e hoʻohui i kahi hui, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka hao-carbon alloy. ʻO ka maʻiʻo kalapona e hoʻokomo i kahi mana maikaʻi i nā waiwai o ke kila, a ke piʻi ka ʻike kalapona i kahi kikoʻī, e hoʻololi i ka qualitative. ʻO ka mea i haku ʻia me nā ʻātoma hao, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka hao maʻemaʻe, a ʻo ka hao maʻemaʻe he liʻiliʻi loa nā haumia.'O ka ma'i kalapona ka mea nui no ka 'ike 'ana i ke kila.ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kalapona o ka hao puaʻa ma mua o 2.0%;ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kalapona o ke kila ma mua o ʻelua.0%.Loaʻa i ka Fe kahi maʻiʻo kalapona kiʻekiʻe, paʻakikī a palupalu, a ʻaneʻane ʻaʻohe malleability.ʻAʻole wale ka malleability noʻonoʻo, akā naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka huahana me ke kila nani e like me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka paʻakikī noʻonoʻo, ke kūpaʻa mahana wela, ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, ke kaʻina hana maʻalahi, ka hopena o ka hopena, a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe pololei ʻana, i hoʻohana ākea lākou.